Guia+3+I+Semestre+Medicina

** Human anatomy ** (gr. ἀ νατομία , "dissection", from ἀ νά , "up", and τέμνειν , "cut") is primarily the scientific study of the [|morphology]  of the [|human body] . [|Anatomy]  is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthroponomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye .Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|microscopes] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, which includes <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|histology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (the study of the organization of tissues), and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|cytology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (the study of cells). <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|Anatomy] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|human physiology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (the study of function), and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|biochemistry] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (the study of the chemistry of living structures) are complementary basic medical sciences that are generally together (or in tandem) to students studying <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|medical sciences] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">. <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> In some of its facets human anatomy is closely related to <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|embryology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|comparative anatomy] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|comparative embryology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, through common roots in <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|evolution] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">; for example, much of the human body maintains the ancient segmental pattern that is present in all <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|vertebrates] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> with basic units being repeated, which is particularly obvious in the vertebral column and in the ribcage, and can be traced from very early embryos. <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The human body consists of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|biological systems] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, that consist of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|organs] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, that consist of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|tissues] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, that consist of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|cells] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|connective tissue] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">. <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|history of anatomy] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> has been characterized, over a long period of time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|organs] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> and structures in the body. Methods have also advanced dramatically, advancing from examination of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|animals] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> through dissection of fresh and preserved <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|cadavers] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniques developed in the 20th century. **<span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 21.3333px;">Study ** <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Generally, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|physicians] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|dentists] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|physiotherapists] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|nurses] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|paramedics] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|radiographers] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, and students of certain <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|biological sciences] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures, and tutorials. The study of microscopic anatomy (or <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|histology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|microscope] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">; and in addition, medical and dental students generally also learn anatomy with practical experience of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|dissection] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> and inspection of cadavers (dead human bodies). A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required for all <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|medical doctors] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, especially <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|surgeons] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, and doctors working in some diagnostic specialties, such as <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|histopathology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|radiology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">. <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Human anatomy, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|physiology] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|biochemistry] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> are basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically; [|[1]] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|Gray's Anatomy] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format, [|[2]][|[3]]<span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> in line with modern teaching. **<span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 21.3333px;">Anatomy in arts ** <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Gross anatomy has become a key part of visual arts. Basic concepts of how muscles and bones function and deform with movement is key to drawing, painting or animating a human figure. Many books such as "Human Anatomy for Artists: The Elements of Form", are written as a guide to drawing the human body anatomically correctly. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">[|Leonardo da Vinci] <span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> sought to improve his art through a better understanding of human anatomy. In the process he advanced both human anatomy and its representation in art.
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Footlight MT Light','serif'; font-size: 21.3333px;">[[image:6KKIMGCHT1.jpg align="left"]]Human anatomy __**